Credit Assessment Framework
Australian lenders assess credit risk using a structured framework that evaluates multiple factors simultaneously.
This framework is commonly explained using the four Cs of credit: Capacity, Character, Collateral, and Capital.
These principles are correct and widely accepted. What differs in practice is how each factor is interpreted and constrained under lender policy, structure, property risk, and transaction context.
- The Four Cs of Credit
- Capacity — ability to service debt under assessment rules
- Character — credit conduct and behavioural risk
- Collateral — acceptability and recoverability of security
- Capital — financial contribution and buffers
From Framework to Assessment
In practice, the four Cs are applied through recurring assessment categories.
These categories appear consistently across lenders and scenarios and are referred to on this site as the assessment pillars.
The pillars explain how the four Cs are translated into real lending decisions.
Why This Framework Matters
This framework explains:
- why similar borrowers receive different outcomes
- why changes in structure affect results
- why timing and execution matter
It does not optimise outcomes. It contains risk.
General information only. No personal advice is provided.